Cooking conversion chart
Cups, spoons, ounces, grams, milliliters and oven temperatures on one printable page, with the abbreviations recipes use.
Volume conversion chart: teaspoons, tablespoons and cups
US measuring spoons and cups are fixed volumes, so these conversions are exact for any ingredient: 3 teaspoons make a tablespoon, 16 tablespoons make a cup, and a cup is 8 fluid ounces or 236.6 milliliters (NIST Handbook 44). ¼ cup is 4 tablespoons, ⅓ cup is 5 tablespoons and 1 teaspoon, and a quart is 4 cups.
US customary, exact by definition: 3 tsp to the tablespoon, 16 tbsp to the cup, 2 cups to the pint, 4 quarts to the gallon.
| Measure | Spoons | Fluid ounces | Cups | Milliliters |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 teaspoon | 1 tsp | 0.167 fl oz | 1/48 cup | 4.93 mL |
| 1 tablespoon | 1 tbsp | 0.5 fl oz | 1/16 cup | 14.79 mL |
| ⅛ cup | 2 tbsp | 1 fl oz | ⅛ cup | 29.57 mL |
| ¼ cup | 4 tbsp | 2 fl oz | ¼ cup | 59.15 mL |
| ⅓ cup | 5 tbsp + 1 tsp | 2.67 fl oz | ⅓ cup | 78.86 mL |
| ½ cup | 8 tbsp | 4 fl oz | ½ cup | 118.3 mL |
| ⅔ cup | 10 tbsp + 2 tsp | 5.33 fl oz | ⅔ cup | 157.7 mL |
| ¾ cup | 12 tbsp | 6 fl oz | ¾ cup | 177.4 mL |
| 1 cup | 16 tbsp | 8 fl oz | 1 cup | 236.6 mL |
| 1 pint | 32 tbsp | 16 fl oz | 2 cups | 473.2 mL |
| 1 quart | 64 tbsp | 32 fl oz | 4 cups | 946.4 mL |
| 1 gallon | 256 tbsp | 128 fl oz | 16 cups | 3,785 mL |
Weight conversion chart: ounces, pounds and grams
Weight converts the same way for every food: an ounce is 28.35 grams and a pound is 16 ounces, 453.6 grams. These are weight ounces; a fluid ounce is a volume. A cup of water is 8 fluid ounces and weighs 8.33 ounces.
Exact by definition: 1 oz is 28.349523125 g, 16 oz to the pound.
| Weight | Grams | Kilograms |
|---|---|---|
| ½ oz | 14.17 g | 0.0142 kg |
| 1 oz | 28.35 g | 0.0283 kg |
| 2 oz | 56.7 g | 0.0567 kg |
| 3 oz | 85.05 g | 0.085 kg |
| 4 oz | 113.4 g | 0.113 kg |
| 8 oz | 226.8 g | 0.227 kg |
| 12 oz | 340.2 g | 0.34 kg |
| 1 lb | 453.6 g | 0.454 kg |
| 2 lb | 907.2 g | 0.907 kg |
| 5 lb | 2,268 g | 2.27 kg |
| Grams | Ounces | Pounds |
|---|---|---|
| 10 g | 0.353 oz | 0.022 lb |
| 25 g | 0.882 oz | 0.0551 lb |
| 50 g | 1.76 oz | 0.11 lb |
| 100 g | 3.53 oz | 0.22 lb |
| 125 g | 4.41 oz | 0.276 lb |
| 200 g | 7.05 oz | 0.441 lb |
| 250 g | 8.82 oz | 0.551 lb |
| 500 g | 17.64 oz | 1.1 lb |
| 1000 g | 35.27 oz | 2.2 lb |
Metric to US conversions
To convert imperial to metric and back for volume, use milliliters. A metric recipe's 250 mL is ≈ 1 cup + 1 tbsp in US cups, and 100 mL is ≈ ⅓ cup + 1 tbsp + 1 tsp:
US cups and spoons to fill; ≈ marks the nearest measure.
| Milliliters | US measure to fill | Fluid ounces |
|---|---|---|
| 5 mL | ≈ 1 tsp | 0.169 fl oz |
| 15 mL | ≈ 1 tbsp | 0.507 fl oz |
| 30 mL | ≈ 2 tbsp | 1.01 fl oz |
| 60 mL | ≈ ¼ cup | 2.03 fl oz |
| 80 mL | ≈ ⅓ cup | 2.71 fl oz |
| 100 mL | ≈ ⅓ cup + 1 tbsp + 1 tsp | 3.38 fl oz |
| 125 mL | ≈ ½ cup + 1 tsp | 4.23 fl oz |
| 150 mL | ≈ ½ cup + 2 tbsp | 5.07 fl oz |
| 200 mL | ≈ ⅔ cup + 3 tbsp | 6.76 fl oz |
| 250 mL | ≈ 1 cup + 1 tbsp | 8.45 fl oz |
| 500 mL | ≈ 2 cups + 2 tbsp | 16.91 fl oz |
| 1 L (1,000 mL) | ≈ 4¼ cups | 33.81 fl oz |
Cups are not the same size everywhere: recipes written with metric or imperial measures use a different cup, and the US label cup of nutrition facts is 240 mL:
| Standard | Cup | Tablespoon | Teaspoon | Defined in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US customary | 236.6 mL | 14.79 mL | 4.93 mL | NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C |
| US label (nutrition facts) | 240 mL | 15 mL | 5 mL | 21 CFR 101.9 (US nutrition labeling) |
| Metric | 250 mL | 15 mL | 5 mL | NIST Special Publication 430, Household Weights and Measures |
| Imperial | 284.1 mL | 17.76 mL | 5.92 mL | Weights and Measures Act 1985 (UK), Schedule 1 |
Grams in a cup: dry and liquid ingredients
A cup of flour and a cup of sugar do not weigh the same, so volume to weight depends on the ingredient. One sourced weight per ingredient, with a cup, half cup, quarter cup and tablespoon of each:
One sourced value per ingredient; flour spooned and leveled, brown sugar packed, powdered sugar unsifted, rice raw.
| Ingredient | 1 cup | ½ cup | ¼ cup | 1 tbsp | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-purpose flour | 120 g | 60 g | 30 g | 7.5 g | A |
| Bread flour | 120 g | 60 g | 30 g | 7.5 g | A |
| Granulated sugar | 198 g | 99 g | 49.5 g | 12.38 g | B |
| Brown sugar | 213 g | 106.5 g | 53.25 g | 13.31 g | A |
| Powdered sugar | 113 g | 56.5 g | 28.25 g | 7.06 g | A |
| Butter | 227 g | 113.5 g | 56.75 g | 14.19 g | C |
| Milk | 244 g | 122 g | 61 g | 15.25 g | C |
| Water | 236.2 g | 118.1 g | 59.05 g | 14.76 g | E |
| Vegetable oil | 218 g | 109 g | 54.5 g | 13.63 g | C |
| Honey | 339 g | 169.5 g | 84.75 g | 21.19 g | C |
| White rice, long-grain, raw | 185 g | 92.5 g | 46.25 g | 11.56 g | C |
| Rolled oats, dry | 81 g | 40.5 g | 20.25 g | 5.06 g | C |
| Cocoa powder | 84 g | 42 g | 21 g | 5.25 g | A |
| Chocolate chips | 170 g | 85 g | 42.5 g | 10.63 g | A |
Sources: A — King Arthur Baking ingredient weight chart; B — America's Test Kitchen baking conversion chart; C — USDA FoodData Central, SR Legacy; E — NIST Chemistry WebBook (Standard Reference Database 69), water.
Every ingredient we have a sourced weight for is in the ingredient weight chart, and the grams to cups converter turns any amount into the cups and spoons to measure.
Oven temperatures
To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32, multiply by 5 and divide by 9; for Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5 and add 32 (NIST Handbook 44). So 350 °F is 176.7 degrees Celsius and 200 °C is 392 degrees Fahrenheit. Gas marks follow the usual scale, and the common rule of thumb sets a fan oven about 20 °C lower:
The usual gas mark scale. Fan and convection columns by the common rule of thumb: about 20 °C or 25 °F lower.
| Gas mark | Fahrenheit | Celsius | Fan oven | Convection |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gas ¼ | 225 °F | 110 °C | 90 °C | 200 °F |
| Gas ½ | 250 °F | 120 °C | 100 °C | 225 °F |
| Gas 1 | 275 °F | 140 °C | 120 °C | 250 °F |
| Gas 2 | 300 °F | 150 °C | 130 °C | 275 °F |
| Gas 3 | 325 °F | 160 °C | 140 °C | 300 °F |
| Gas 4 | 350 °F | 180 °C | 160 °C | 325 °F |
| Gas 5 | 375 °F | 190 °C | 170 °C | 350 °F |
| Gas 6 | 400 °F | 200 °C | 180 °C | 375 °F |
| Gas 7 | 425 °F | 220 °C | 200 °C | 400 °F |
| Gas 8 | 450 °F | 230 °C | 210 °C | 425 °F |
| Gas 9 | 475 °F | 240 °C | 220 °C | 450 °F |
The oven temperature converter gives the exact number for any temperature.
Cooking abbreviations
Recipes shorten units. These are the usual abbreviations and what they stand for:
The usual recipe abbreviations: a capital T means tablespoon, a small t teaspoon.
| Abbreviation | Means | Measures |
|---|---|---|
| tsp, t | teaspoon | volume |
| tbsp, Tbsp, T | tablespoon | volume |
| c, C | cup | volume |
| fl oz | fluid ounce | volume |
| pt | pint | volume |
| qt | quart | volume |
| gal | gallon | volume |
| mL, ml | milliliter | volume |
| L, l | liter | volume |
| oz | ounce | weight |
| lb, lbs | pound | weight |
| g | gram | weight |
| kg | kilogram | weight |
| °F | degrees Fahrenheit | temperature |
| °C | degrees Celsius | temperature |
Questions
How many tablespoons are in a cup?
16 tablespoons in a US cup, and 3 teaspoons in a tablespoon.
How many ounces are in a cup?
A US cup is 8 fluid ounces by volume. By weight it depends on the ingredient: a cup of all-purpose flour weighs 4.23 ounces, a cup of granulated sugar 6.98 ounces.
How many cups are in a quart, a pint and a gallon?
A pint is 2 cups, a quart 4 cups and a gallon 16 cups. The cups in a quart page has more.
How many grams are in a cup?
It depends on the ingredient: 120 grams of all-purpose flour, 198 grams of sugar, 227 grams of butter, 236.2 grams of water.
How many mL is a tablespoon?
A US tablespoon is 14.79 milliliters and a teaspoon 4.93 milliliters.
Sources
- 21 CFR 101.9 (US nutrition labeling)
- America's Test Kitchen baking conversion chart
- America's Test Kitchen, Baking Basics: Measuring Ingredients
- King Arthur Baking ingredient weight chart
- King Arthur Baking, How to measure flour
- NIST Chemistry WebBook (Standard Reference Database 69), water
- NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C
- NIST Special Publication 430, Household Weights and Measures
- USDA FoodData Central, SR Legacy
- Weights and Measures Act 1985 (UK), Schedule 1
- Grams to cups converterPick the ingredient, type the grams and get US cups and spoons, with the fill method the weight assumes.
- Cups to grams converter and conversion tableOne US cup weighs 198 grams of granulated sugar but 227 grams of butter: pick the ingredient and type the cups.
- Ingredient weight chartOne US cup of every ingredient we have a sourced weight for, in grams; change the amount or unit and every row follows.
- Oven temperature conversion180 °C is 356 °F: type a temperature or a gas mark, pick the units, get the other.
- How many tablespoons in a cupA US cup is 16 tbsp: type cups, get tablespoons and teaspoons.
- Cups to mL converterA US cup is 236.6 mL: type cups, pick the cup your recipe uses, get milliliters.